Level Invert
In drainage the typical manhole connection is level soffit or stepped connection. That is the invert level of the main run is relatively lower than the incoming laterals.
This point is practically important to note because when your design has some degree of gradient or fall restriction then 50mm can make a difference.
For example if you are connecting a 100 diameter into a 150 diameter main run pipe then your computed invert level taken from the origin of the 100 diameter pipe should be 50mm lower. If you fail to add this additional 50mm into your design and if the invert level of the connection point does not have enough depth then this can be an issue in actual construction.
Showing posts with label Good Engineering. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Good Engineering. Show all posts
Monday, 14 July 2008
Tuesday, 6 May 2008
Planning Notice
It is a must for every desig engineer to take time to read the Planning Notice for every project they are working on.
This is particularly important when there are several parties working in one project specially if the Planning Architect is different from the Construction Architect.
There could be some very important requirements in the planning notice which may not be highlighted by the client and the planning arcitect but if they are not fulfilled they could result into massive claims and project delays.
One classic example is a required 'free zone' in front of a development which was only called up by the planning architect in a form of a very vague note while the other required easements were dimentioned accordingly. It's very unfortunate that such note had been overlooked and the consequence was a tremendous loss in time and money.
Planning notices are mostly available on line. Just log-in ot UK Planning website and browse around to access the property of your interest.
This is particularly important when there are several parties working in one project specially if the Planning Architect is different from the Construction Architect.
There could be some very important requirements in the planning notice which may not be highlighted by the client and the planning arcitect but if they are not fulfilled they could result into massive claims and project delays.
One classic example is a required 'free zone' in front of a development which was only called up by the planning architect in a form of a very vague note while the other required easements were dimentioned accordingly. It's very unfortunate that such note had been overlooked and the consequence was a tremendous loss in time and money.
Planning notices are mostly available on line. Just log-in ot UK Planning website and browse around to access the property of your interest.
Tuesday, 15 April 2008
CBR
California Bearing Ratio or CBR is a soil parameter that is very important in road design.
Roads are normally designed in accordance to their category or traffic loading. The first 3 componets of which do not change a lot, i.e. in terms of thickness and grade but the sub-base and the capping layer are dependant on the soil CBR.
Below is a typical tarmac access road construction and a table for sub-base and capping layer with respect to CBR percentage. (just double click to see an enlarged version)
Roads are normally designed in accordance to their category or traffic loading. The first 3 componets of which do not change a lot, i.e. in terms of thickness and grade but the sub-base and the capping layer are dependant on the soil CBR.
Below is a typical tarmac access road construction and a table for sub-base and capping layer with respect to CBR percentage. (just double click to see an enlarged version)
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